![]() ![]() In the Duplicate Layer prompt, rename this layer as “Layer 1” as we will be duplicating a number of layers over the next few steps. Don’t worry about making this too exact as we will crop it to more exact proportions later. Now, duplicate this layer by right clicking it in the layers panel and selecting Duplicate Layer (or use the keyboard shortcut Cmd/Ctrl+J). Leave a few centimeters between the image and the edge of the canvas. Zoom out so you can view see the entire canvas and select the Move Tool located at the top of the left toolbar.Ĭlick on your photograph on the canvas, and with the left mouse button depressed, drag the image to a corner of the canvas. Add the same value to the smaller side of the image so that the canvas will be square. For example, the image I selected was originally 59.44 x 39.62cm so I multiplied 59 by 2 to get 118m then added 4 to get 122. To calculate the dimensions of the canvas, look at the largest side of the image, double that figure and add four. Now we need to add some space around the image. Go to Image > Canvas Size and a window will pop up with the dimensions of your current image. This will enable you to move the image around the canvas. Once you have selected an image and opened it in Photoshop, right click on the image in the layers panel and select Convert to Smart Object. From my own experimentation I’ve found images with bold, contrasting colors and negative space result in the best kaleidoscopic images. I’ve chosen this photograph of some fungi growing on an old tree stump. Step 1 – Setting up the canvasįirst, select a photograph. Although I now spend most of my time looking through the viewfinder of a camera, the magic of the kaleidoscope remains in my mind as an early foray into image making. Remember kaleidoscopes? Those curious tubes with an array of mirrors and colorful beads inside? As a kid, I would while away sunny weekends straining my eye against the viewing aperture, hypnotized by the endless combination of shapes, patterns, and colors. The resulting kaleidoscope patterns make fantastic desktop backgrounds and wallpapers too. It probably formed in the Kuiper belt, which lies about 30 to 50 times further from the sun than the Earth, while the others come from the Oort Cloud, some 5,000 times further away.This tutorial is a lot of fun, transforming photographs into kaleidoscopic wonders, often with surprising results. Hartogh, whose research was published online in Nature, believes Hartley 2, whose current orbit around the sun does not extend much beyond Jupiter, started life in a different part of the solar system than other comets studied. Now, in principle, all the water could have come from comets." "It means it is not true any more that a maximum of 10 percent of water could have come from comets. "It was a big surprise when we saw the ratio was almost the same as what we find in the Earth's oceans," Hartogh told Reuters. D/H measures the proportion of deuterium - or heavy hydrogen, which has an extra neutron - compared to ordinary hydrogen in water. In the case of Hartley 2, researchers using infrared instruments on the Hershel Space Observatory found that ice on the comet has a near identical "D/H" ratio to seawater. Previous models of the early Earth implied most water came from asteroids. The finding substantially increases the amount of water that could have originated from comets, which are made up of rock and ice with a characteristic tail of gas and dust. Past analysis of water-ice from far-flung comets suggested they could have delivered no more than 10 percent of today's oceans because the chemical "fingerprints" did not match up.īut research from Paul Hartogh of Germany's Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research and colleagues published on Wednesday showed a comet called 103P/Hartley 2 has the same chemical composition as the Earth's oceans. ![]() The puzzle is where the water, which is vital for life on Earth, came from. The comet Hartley is seen in this undated NASA handout image. The intense heat of the planet immediately after it formed means any initial water would have quickly evaporated and scientists believe the oceans emerged around 8 million years later. LONDON - Astronomers have found the first comet with ocean-like water in a major boost to the theory that the celestial bodies were a significant source of water for a thirsty early Earth. ![]()
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